Editorial by Industrial Quick Search

Copper Sheets

Contact Companies

Please fill out the following form to submit a Request for Quote to any of the following companies listed on


Get Your Company Listed on this Power Page


Introduction

This article will take an in-depth look at copper sheets.

The article will bring more detail on topics such as:

  • Principle of Copper Sheets
  • Types of Copper Sheets and Types of Copper Alloys
  • Applications and Advantages of Copper Sheets
  • And Much More…

Chapter 1: Principle of Copper Sheets

This chapter will discuss what copper sheets are, properties, and the alloys of copper sheets.

What is a Copper Sheet?

The copper sheet is a highly malleable and workable metal with outstanding electrical and thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance. Copper (Cu) is a reddish, very ductile metal that belongs to Group 11 of the periodic table. Copper can be found in nature in its free metallic state.

Copper Sheets

Properties of Copper Sheets

The properties of copper sheets include:

Conductivity of Copper Sheets

Copper has the highest electrical and thermal conductivity ratings of all major metals. Copper alloys are unique as conductors of electricity because of their high conductivity, inherent strength, formability, and corrosion resistance, making copper suitable for connectors and other electrical/electronic goods.

Conductivity of Copper Sheets

Joining of Copper Sheets

Soldering, brazing, welding, bolting, riveting, crimping, and adhesive bonding are all typical ways of joining copper and copper alloys. Typical soldering and brazing applications include the installation of plumbing fittings and components. Copper and copper nickel welded tubes are commonly used in water delivery systems, heat exchangers, and air-conditioning units, and welding processes are commonly used.

Brazing of Copper Sheets

Strength of Copper Sheets

Copper can be used for architectural purposes due to its softness, malleability, and excellent formability properties. Copper is strengthened by adding other elements and copper alloys, such as brasses and phosphor bronzes and copper nickels. Tensile properties are seen in copper alloys that outperform some aluminum alloys, come close to matching stainless steels, and have a wide range of applications. Copper alloys can be useful in the miniaturization of electronic components.

Strength of Copper Sheets

Formability of Copper Sheets

The ability to make micron-sized wire with minimal softening anneals exemplifies copper's remarkable formability. Copper alloys, in general, gain strength in proportion to the amount and character of the alloying element. The amount of cold work increases the strength of brasses, bronzes, nickel silvers, copper nickels, and other alloy families. For creating components like bathroom fixtures and other household objects, standard procedures include deep drawing, coining, stretching, and bending. Copper nickel tubes are typically made from strips and then placed as customized condenser bundles.

Formability of Copper Sheets

Corrosion Resistance of Copper Sheets

Because of its exceptional corrosion resistance, copper and its alloys are widely employed in a variety of settings and applications. Copper, brass, and bronze architectural fittings and fixtures continue to serve in both indoor and outdoor situations. In unpolluted air, water, and deaerated non oxidizing acids, copper alloys corrode at insignificant rates. After millennia in the soil, many copper alloy artifacts have been discovered in practically immaculate form. In 200 years, copper roofing has been found to corrode at a rate of less than 0.015 in (0.4mm). Copper alloys are resistant to a wide range of salty, alkaline, and organic substances. Freshwater supply lines and plumbing fixtures, heat exchangers and condensers, are just a few examples of where copper and copper alloys excel.

Corrosion Resistance of Copper Sheets

Color of Copper Sheets

Color variances in copper alloys are mostly due to differences in chemical makeup. Copper that hasn’t been alloyed has a reddish hue. When more elements are added, the color shifts to yellow, bronze, silver, or gray. When exposed to air, these colors can develop patinas. The degree of change is determined by the alloy chemistry and the atmosphere's composition.

Tensile Strength of Copper Sheets

Cold work or solid solution additives that improve strain hardening are the most common ways to strengthen copper alloys. The yield and tensile strength of annealed steel are inversely proportional to grain size. Copper gains tensile strength, yield strength, and work hardening rate when alloying elements are added. The tensile strength and yield strength of brasses, for example, both rise as the zinc concentration increases. Alloying yields a spectrum of property combinations of strength and work hardening.

Tensile Strength of Copper Sheets

Forge Ability of Copper Sheets

Copper alloy forgings have a lot of benefits, including high strength, tighter tolerances, and a low total cost. Valves, fittings, refrigeration components, and gas and liquid handling products all require brass forgings. Forgings are also used in industrial and decorative hardware. Closed dies are used to manufacture the majority of copper alloy forgings. The high copper alloys C10200, C10400, and C11000, which have exceptional ductility, or high strength alloys, all of which have the high temperature ductile + phase structure, are common forging alloys.

Cold Forging Copper

How Copper Sheets Are Made

While a variety of metals, such as aluminum, brass, stainless steel, and titanium are used to make sheet metal, copper is the material of choice for specific applications. The metal's strong conductivity is used in these applications. For this reason, copper sheeting is widely used in the electrical appliance and building industries.

Fabricated Copper Sheets

In addition to its historical uses in plumbing and decor, copper can be found in wiring, motors, hospital equipment, and industrial machinery. Copper sheets are made in a few steps that are:

  • Mining of the Ore: Copper in its purest form is extremely difficult to come by in nature. It is usually found in copper ores in conjunction with other compounds. Various chemicals are used during processing to extract the copper and purify it to its purest form. Before it can be displayed in or on homes, these minerals have to go through a long process:
  • Large amounts of copper are mined, with the greatest resources being found in the United States and Chile.
  • Copper ore is the form in which the minerals are mined from the ground.
  • Many other minerals and materials must be removed from these ores during the grinding and smelting process.
  • In a huge furnace, the material is heated to extract pure copper that may be utilized to make products.
  • Concentrating: The processing removes various non-copper-containing minerals, as well as large volumes of mud and debris in order to extract copper from the ore. The metal is concentrated using a slurry and flotation process after the waste material is removed. It goes through a smelting procedure once it has been cleaned and concentrated.
  • Smelting: Smelting is a technique that removes sulfur and iron from copper through a series of chemical reactions. When copper concentrate is placed in a furnace, it mixes with a flux melt and collects at the bottom of the hot furnace. The majority of other metals, including iron, become highly concentrated and form slag, which is skimmed off the surface. Matte is the concentrated copper and other metals at the bottom of the furnace, which is purified to over 99 percent copper by weight in a second process called the converter.
    Copper Sheet Smelting

  • Refining: The refining process is required to eliminate abnormally high quantities of oxygen and sulfur, as well as other impurities, despite the fact that it is pure by weight. The air in the refining furnace helps the molten metal oxidize its impurities. Electrical current is conducted through the tank while the copper solution is still liquid, allowing the copper solution to be attracted to a cathode, which collects the metal, which is now rated at 99.95-99.99 percent pure copper.
  • Casting: The copper is cast into a variety of shapes once the blocks of copper cathodes are melted, including rods, billets, cakes, and ingots. The bulk copper is then formed into thin sheets of metal, which are then formed into the big copper rolls.
    Copper Sheet Casting

Chapter 2: Types of Copper Sheets and Types of Copper Alloys

This chapter will discuss the various types (or orientations) in which copper sheets are found, and how the sheets are made. Considerations when choosing copper sheets will also be discussed in this chapter.

Types of Copper Sheets

The different orientations and types of copper sheets typically found in the industry include:

1 Mil Copper Sheet

This incredibly thin copper foil sheet is only 0.001 inches thick and may be easily shredded with hands or punched out with paper punchers into various shapes. It's frequently utilized in arts and crafts, as well as electrical and manufacturing projects.

1.4 Mil Copper Sheet

This thin copper foil sheet is roughly two times thicker than household aluminum foil, measuring 0.0014 inches thick. It cuts and tears readily by hand, but it wrinkles easily as well. It's utilized in arts and crafts, electrical, and manufacturing applications, just like 1 mil copper sheet.

1.4 Mil Copper Sheet

5 Mil Copper Sheet

The thickness of this gauge of copper is 0.005 inches, and it is glossy and polished. This foil does not break easily by hand, but it may be cut easily with scissors. Copper sheets with a thickness of 5 mil are commonly used for embossing, die-cutting, other craft projects, and a variety of other uses.

8 Mil Copper Sheet

This heavy-duty copper tooling foil is 0.008 inches thick and can be utilized in a wide range of arts and crafts, home improvement, and construction projects. It can be cut with scissors and may keep its shape better than 5 Mil, but it will bend under pressure.

8 Mil Copper Sheet

10 Mil Copper Sheet

10 Mil copper sheets are 14 times thicker than household aluminum foil, measuring 0.010 inches thick. Copper begins to hold weight and maintain shape at this thickness. It can be hammered or texturized using a pair of heavy duty scissors or a utility knife, and it may be cut with a pair of heavy duty scissors or a utility knife.

16 Mil Copper Sheet

Copper sheeting with a thickness of 16 mil is available in a variety of sizes. It has a thickness of 0.016 inches and is more rigid than thinner materials. It's commonly used for sculptures, jewelry, and other arts and crafts because it's a very durable gauge of copper sheet.

Types of Copper Alloys

Copper in its pure, unalloyed form is soft, has high electrical and thermal conductivity, and is resistant to corrosion. Unalloyed copper comes in a variety of grades, each with a different amount of impurities. Coppers that are oxygen-free are employed in applications that require good conductivity and ductility. Below are a few alloys of copper:

Brasses in Copper Sheets

Brasses are copper-zinc alloys with good strength and ductility, and the ability to be cold worked, qualities that improve with increased zinc concentration up to 35 percent. Brass comes in a variety of colors, ranging from red to bright yellow, depending on the quantity of zinc in the alloy. Brass alloys with specified zinc concentrations are known as gilding metals, commercial bronze, jewelry bronze, red brass, and cartridge brass. Brasses with a zinc content of 32 to 39 percent have excellent hot working properties but restricted cold workability.

Brass Sheet

At room temperature, brasses containing more than 39% zinc, such as Muntz Metal, have higher strength and lesser ductility than alloys containing less zinc. Brass is well-known for its ease of drawing, excellent cold-worked strength, and corrosion resistance. Plumbing fittings, decorative hardware, architectural trim, low pressure valves, gears, and bearings are all made of cast brass.

Copper, zinc (2% to 40%) and tin alloys are used to make tin brasses (0.2 percent to 3 percent). Admiralty brasses, navy brasses, and free-machining tin brasses are all members of this alloy family. High-strength fasteners, electrical connectors, springs, corrosion-resistant mechanical items, marine hardware, pump shafts, and corrosion-resistant screw machine parts are all made with these metals. Compared to straight brasses, which have better corrosion resistance, less vulnerability to dezincification, and more strength. The alloys have excellent hot forgeability as well as cold formability. These materials have moderate strength, great electrical conductivity, and high resistance to air and water corrosion.

Copper Nickel Alloys

Copper nickel alloys are highly corrosion-resistant and thermally stable, containing anywhere from 2% to 30% nickel. Iron, chromium, niobium, and/or manganese can be added to increase strength and corrosion resistance. The alloys have a strong oxidation resistance in steam and damp air and are almost immune to stress corrosion cracking. The higher nickel alloys are well recognized for marine biofouling and seawater corrosion resistance. The alloy is utilized to create electrical and electronic items, as well as tubes for condensers in ships, offshore platforms, and power plants, as well as a variety of other marine products like valves, pumps, fittings, and hull sheathing.

Copper Chromium Zirconium C18150

C18150 is a chrome zirconium copper with stronger strength at higher temperatures and more strength and wear resistance than chrome copper. It is utilized in applications needing better mechanical qualities and superior resistance to sticking at higher temperatures, while still maintaining excellent electrical conductivity and adequate mechanical properties. Resistance welding electrodes, control arms, electrical equipment, contact, and studs are only a few of the applications for C18150. Wider plate widths provide more flexibility and convenience, and the ability to be cut into flat bars.

Copper C10100 (Oxygen-Free)

Electrical switchgear, circuit breakers, and resistance welding devices require extra high conductivity and this type of copper alloy offers all of these.

Copper C10100 (Oxygen-Free)

Copper C11000 ETP

Electrical switchgear, bus bar, ground straps, electrolytic tank heads, pole line hardware, circuit breakers, power distribution centers (PDCs), elbows or returns for cooling modules (Electric Arc Furnaces), Graphite Electrode Holders (Electric Arc Furnaces), and heavy duty electrical connectors all benefit from high conductivity.

Nickel Aluminum Bronze C63000

C63000 Nickel Aluminum Bronze plate is utilized when superior mechanical qualities and corrosion resistance are required. Under high compressive loads, it resists wear, abrasion, and deformation. Friction, galling, and seizing are decreased, extending the part’s life and lowering maintenance costs. The material is used in the toughest applications in heavy equipment, aerospace, military, and marine applications. Valves, pumps, wareplates process industries, and a variety of other corrosion applications employ it.

Leading Manufacturers and Suppliers

GET YOUR COMPANY LISTED ABOVE

Chapter 3: Applications and Advantages of Copper Sheets

This chapter will discuss the applications and benefits of copper sheets.

Applications of Copper Sheets

Copper can be made into a variety of shapes and sizes, but sheet copper is the most common. After all, copper sheets are used in a variety of applications. There will always be a use for copper sheets, regardless of thickness.

  • Welding Fixtures: Before welding product parts, the geometry must be fixed with welding fixtures to ensure the finished product’s quality. Copper alloys are good for this purpose.
  • Ground Straps: A ground strap is required for every system or machine that uses electricity to protect critical components and people from electrostatic discharge (ESD).
  • Plumbing Fitting and Decorations: Copper is an excellent flashing material since it is corrosion resistant. It's even suitable for roofing, but because to its high cost, many people are hesitant to use it. Apart from corrosion resistance, copper's non-ferrous nature provides it with a slew of other advantages. It has an antibacterial property, for example, which causes the oligodynamic effect, which occurs when copper ions attack specific proteins in germs, killing the gems in the process. Copper is the ideal material for tubes and pipes in water purification and filtration systems because of this.
  • Power Transmission: The majority of sprockets, sheaves, belt pulleys, and bushings in power transmission systems are made of wear-resistant metals. Many copper alloys meet the requirements.
  • Heat Exchanger: Due to copper's high heat capacity, the majority of heat exchanger components are made of copper or copper alloys.
  • Automotive: Each vehicle contains around 40 lbs of electrical and 10 lbs of non-electrical components, with the motor and rotor accounting for the majority of the weight. As the demand for electric and hybrid vehicles develops, copper will become even more valuable. This application benefits greatly from its excellent electrical conductivity.
  • Industrial: One of the reasons why copper is not seen as much is that the majority of copper-based materials are used in industrial applications, such as manufacturing and power plants. Most heat exchangers, as well as machinery for copper plate printing and fermentation tank lining, contain it. Copper is preferred by wineries for distillation pots.
  • Electronics: The electrical equipment used at home and at work may contain a trace amount of copper. If one is opened up, it’s most likely that copper components are found including high and ultra-high frequency tubes, printed circuits, and base brazing. This metal has long since supplanted aluminum and similar metals as the interconnection and lead frame material for silicon chips in electronic circuits.
  • Energy and Petrochemical Industries: Copper alloys are used extensively in the energy and petrochemical industries. Condenser tubes and plates, as well as containers for corrosive liquids, are good examples. The alloys are also used to make pipelines, filters, pumps, valves, and evaporators of all kinds. Copper is also favored for desalinators, offshore drilling platforms, and other undersea infrastructure due to its superior resistance to saltwater corrosion than other metals.
  • Transportation: Copper is used extensively in most modern trains that crisscross metropolitan regions. The trains are powered by copper-based electrical cables that run parallel to the rails. Copper wires are also in the cars' motors, rectifiers, and controls, as well as the brakes, electrics, and signal systems. Copper alloys are also used in shipbuilding. Special types of copper have been discovered to have a higher resistance to fouling, which can be a problem because it increases the weight of ships and reduces buoyancy.
  • Crafts: Copper has a lovely reddish brown color that comes out well with any decor. A stripe of copper along trips or even freestanding copper furniture is a beautiful accent to any home or office, whether a rustic or modern aesthetic.
Crafts Made from Copper Sheets

  • Biological Importance: Copper is a micronutrient that is necessary for plants, animals, and most microbes to operate normally. It's found in a number of proteins that help the body conduct various metabolic tasks. A lot of organizations have advised daily dietary needs because it is an important metal. Copper intake for adults is advised at 0.9 mg per day by the US Department of Agriculture and the National Academy of Sciences. Copper's capacity to limit organism growth is one of its most useful properties. When copper is biologically accessible in particular amounts, this happens. Copper is now used in a variety of biocidal compounds as a result of this. Copper, for example, has been shown to be a potent antibacterial* and antiplaque agent in animal studies. Copper is still commonly employed in marine applications, such as fish aquaculture, for the control of undesirable organisms. Consumers and fish are unaffected in both fresh and saltwater, according to the evidence. Copper antifouling chemicals used on fish net pens have been thought to be a source of metal in the sediments, although there is no evidence that it is so where there is adequate water exchange for fish farming.

Advantages of Using Copper Sheets

The advantages of copper sheets include:

High Thermal and Electrical Conductivity

Copper is cheaper and has a better electrical/thermal conductivity than silver, making it indispensable in the electrical industry. Electrical wiring, heating elements, electromagnets, semiconductors, heat sinks, microchips, and welding electrodes all fall under this category.

Copper is also a key component of superconductors, which are essential for all high-tech devices. Because superconductors have no electrical resistance, it can be used to create speedier digital circuits, magnetic resonance imaging machines, particle detectors, electric motors/generators, and even railguns.

Resistance to Corrosion

Copper's low reactivity makes it excellent for pipes (irrigation sprinklers, distillation pipelines, fuel gas lines) and electrical cables because it doesn't corrode quickly. Furthermore, when copper is exposed to the air, it develops a green patina of copper oxide on its surface. This prevents further oxidation and corrosion of the metal.

Anti-Bacterial and Biostatic

Copper is also biostatic, meaning it hinders organisms from attaching themselves to it and developing on it. Copper marine hardware keeps barnacles and mussels from attaching themselves to ship hulls. Furthermore, the metal has antibacterial characteristics, making it a good biofouling agent.

Recyclable Copper

Copper can be recycled without sacrificing quality and is worth roughly 90% of its original price. This makes it much less expensive than mining and processing fresh copper (a process that also damages the environment). Copper is abundant in the earth's crust, but it isn't infinite - and recycling will extend the resource's availability.

Soft, Ductile, and Malleable

Copper is a soft, ductile, and malleable metal that bends and stretches easily without breaking. Copper is a versatile metal for construction and manufacturing because of this. Copper pipes, which can readily be bent to fit around corners, are a good illustration of this adaptability. Copper wiring is created by stretching copper rods through specialized machines that thin the metal into fine wires, whereas copper sheets are created by rolling the metal through heavy rollers. Copper is often used for coinage, simple tools, and even decoration due to its relative cost-effectiveness and ease of working.

Bacteriostatic Property of Copper Pipe Plumbing

Bacteria cannot thrive in the copper pipes because of this. Furthermore, because lead is not used in the manufacturing process, there is no risk of lead poisoning. Copper pipe plumbing is also very long-lasting. Copper pipes, unlike steel versions, are corrosion resistant.

Disadvantages of Copper Sheets

The disadvantages of copper sheets include:

  • Cost of Copper is Fairly High: Copper is far more expensive than fiber optic cable. Copper is a volatile market compared to locally made fiber optic systems since it is heavily relied on Latin American foreign trade. Copper wire's cost difficulty stems from the fact that it is both expensive to store (due to its inability to be exposed to oxygen) and heavier, resulting in greater shipping expenses.
  • Corrosion: Copper wire's vulnerability to corrosion, or oxidation, is one of its most critical drawbacks. As a result, it has a shorter life expectancy than fiber optic cable. As a result, the issue of copper storage is linked to its proclivity for oxidation at very typical temperatures.
  • Bonding: The semiconductor industry rejects copper as a bonding agent because it is unreliable. Copper wire as a bonding agent was deemed unreliable, unproven, and inefficient by most respondents in a recent study done by SEMI, the semiconductor industry's major research arm. Furthermore, many respondents in the profession believed copper was unsuitable for many sophisticated wiring projects, according to the survey.
  • Shock Hazard: Copper wire is more susceptible to shock than fiber optic cable. Copper is highly vulnerable to electrical interference, resulting in a signal that is less clear than fiber optics. In a nutshell, copper wire is riskier than fiber optic cable.
  • Long-term copper exposure can cause nose, mouth, and eye irritation, as well as headaches, stomachaches, dizziness, vomiting, and diarrhea. Copper poisoning can result from a deliberate increase in copper absorption, which can harm the liver and kidneys and even result in death. Copper's carcinogenicity has yet to be determined.
  • Copper pipes have the drawback of failing when the water temperature exceeds 180 degrees. Condensation frequently occurs inside the pipes as well. When this condensation freezes, it obstructs the flow of water. Another issue is that copper pipes impart a metallic flavor to the water.
  • Copper pipe is not cheap. Copper pipes may have problems if the property used well water, especially if the water is acidic. Furthermore, copper pipes in new homes may have an issue with copper leaking into drinking water. Copper can leach into the water when water sits idle in the pipes.

Considerations When Choosing Copper Sheets

The considerations when choosing copper sheets include:

Alloys of Copper Sheets

When deciding on the type of copper sheet needed for the project, keep in mind that copper sheets come in a number of alloys. Alloys give different features depending on properties, hence the type of alloys are chosen according to the application of the copper sheet. Bronze or brass are frequently used in copper alloys, giving the sheets additional physical qualities.

Another example is that of C22000 Commercial Bronze which is made up of 90% copper and 10% zinc. It offers high malleability, ductility, strength, and hardness, as well as anti-galling and corrosion resistance. This metal is ideal for architectural purposes. While there are over 400 different types of copper alloys, the majority of copper marketed in the United States is in the form of only a few.

Thickness of Copper Sheets

Copper sheets come in a variety of thicknesses and gauges. When ordering copper sheets from a copper sheet supplier, consider how gauge and thickness are measured. The bigger the gauge number, the thinner the copper sheet will be, which may seem paradoxical. A 24 gauge sheet, for example, will be 0.0215" thick, but an 11 gauge sheet will be 0.1250".

Copper Finishing

Copper can be polished in a variety of ways, each of which changes how it looks. Copper that has been treated with a synthetic finish obtains a mirror-like shine, as copper exposed to the air develops a green patina. This is because of oxygen corrosion, although the process can be sped up by using chemical procedures on the finished product.

Temper Designation

Tempering is the technique of utilizing heat to produce thin sheet metal with precise metallurgical properties in the copper industry. Copper alloys' mechanical properties might change based on the metal's thermal-mechanical processing during manufacture or post-production operations. Soft (H01) and Hard (H02) are the two extremes of copper (H04). Depending on the standards utilized during production, multiple series are available. Brass and copper alloys are used in different ways depending on hardness. Because it is easier to cut and shape, soft temper copper is used in etching and sculpturing. For heavier and thicker applications, harder tempers are ideal.

Conclusion

One of the most encouraging aspects of using copper for these goods is that the resources no longer have to come straight from mine deposits. Today, recycled copper accounts for more than half of all copper utilized. The quality is the same, but these resources are far more environmentally friendly and sustainable. Copper is one of the easiest minerals to recycle, and this method is becoming increasingly common. Recycled copper is made by recovering old used recycled products and melting and casting into completely new materials that have the same integrity as freshly mined copper and can last for generations. Recycling is far more energy efficient and cost effective than mining new core from the earth, allowing businesses to lower carbon impact while offering better rates to customers.

Leading Manufacturers and Suppliers

GET YOUR COMPANY LISTED ABOVE

Table of Contents

Principle of Copper Sheets

Types of Copper Sheets and Types of Copper Alloys

Applications and Advantages of Copper Sheets

Loading Leading
Category Companies:

  • IQS Homepage
  • All Articles
  • GET YOUR COMPANY LISTED

Related Posts

Beryllium Copper

Beryllium Copper

Beryllium Copper is a versatile copper alloy that is valued for its high strength and hardness, combined with good electrical and thermal conductivity. It is a non-ferrous, non-magnetic, and non-sparking metal alloy...

Copper

Copper

Copper is a ductile, malleable, and reddish-gold metal with the capacity to effectively conduct heat and electricity. Brass and bronze, two commonly used alloys, are created when copper is combined with...

Aluminized Steel

Aluminized Steel

Aluminized steels are steels that have been hot-dip coated with pure aluminum or aluminum-silicon alloys. This hot-dip coating process is termed hot-dip aluminizing (HAD)...

Aluminum Coil

Aluminum Coil

The term "aluminum coil" describes aluminum that has been flattened into sheets where their width is significantly higher than their thickness and then "coiled" into a roll. Stacks of individual aluminum sheets are difficult to...

Aluminum Tubing & Piping

Aluminum Tubing & Piping

Aluminum piping and tubing is silvery-white, soft, and ductile. The metal belongs to the boron group. Aluminum is the third most abundant element present on earth. Aluminum has low density. When exposed...

Nickel Metal

Nickel Metal

Metals are a group of substances that are malleable, ductile, and have high heat and electrical conductivity. They can be grouped into five categories with nickel falling in the category known as transition metals...

Stainless Steel 316

Stainless Steel 316

Stainless steel is a type of steel alloy containing a minimum of 10.5% chromium. Chromium imparts corrosion resistance to the metal. Corrosion resistance is achieved by creating a thin film of metal...

Stainless Steel Grades

Stainless Steel Grades

Stainless steel grades each consist of carbon, iron, 10.5%-30% chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and other alloying elements. It is a popular metal used in various products, tools, equipment, and structures that serve in many industrial, commercial, and domestic applications...

Steel Service Centers

Steel Service Centers

Steel service centers are companies that specialize in procuring steel directly from mills and manufacturers and supplying them to the customers. They are fundamental to the steel supply chain...

Stainless Steel Fabrication

Stainless Steel Fabrication

Stainless steel can be fabricated using any of the traditional forming and shaping methods. Austenitic stainless steel can be rolled, spun, deep drawn, cold forged, hot forged, or stippled using force and stress...

Stainless Steel Tubing

Stainless Steel Tubing

Stainless steel tubing is a multifaceted product that is commonly utilized in structural applications. Stainless steel tubing diameters and variations vary greatly based on the application requirements and are...

Titanium Metal

Titanium Metal

Titanium metal, with the symbol Ti, is the ninth most abundant element in the earth‘s crust. It does not occur in large deposits, yet small amounts of titanium are found in almost every rock...

Tungsten Metal

Tungsten Metal

Tungsten is a rare naturally occurring chemical element on earth. It is known to be one of the toughest metals on the earth. It is usually a tin white or a steel gray metal. Tungsten is common for its high tensile...

Types of Aluminum

Types of Aluminum

Aluminum is the most abundant metal on the Earth’s crust, but it rarely exists as an elemental form. Aluminum and its alloys are valued because of their low density and high strength-to-weight ratio, durability, and corrosion resistance...

© IQS Directory . All Rights Reserved.