Clean Rooms

Clean rooms are enclosures designed to facilitate sensitive research, fabrication and other operations that must take place in the absence of dust, moisture and other airborne contaminants. Clean rooms systems were first developed in response to the needs of the aerospace and microtechnology industries in the early 1960s. As those and other high-tech disciplines like bio-technology and medical research developed, and as products and research subjects became smaller, airborne contaminants became increasingly disruptive. The rigidly controlled environments with which these professionals began to surround their work came to be known as clean rooms.

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Abtech, Inc.
Santa Ana, CA
800-394-7699
Abtech specializes in manufacturing, design and installation of Clean rooms and Clean Room Equipment including Laminar Flow Benches and Air Showers. Offering cleanroom levels from Class 100,000-10 to ISO Class 8-Class 1, compliant with federal standards 209E. Modular design allows most of our clean rooms to be installed by end-user, or if needed, our company can provide installation services.
American Cleanroom Systems
Rancho Santa Margarita, CA
800-735-2828
American Cleanroom Systems manufactures every component of its clean rooms. Our clean room company leads the nation & industry in clean room manufacturing, quality control and customer service. American Cleanroom Systems have temperature & humidity control options and are available in a variety of air quality strictness classes. Call one of our qualified technicians today!
Clean Rooms International, Inc.
Grand Rapids, MI
877-380-1860
Clean Rooms International designs and manufactures clean rooms, clean room components, workstations and air handling equipment. Having a sterile clean room to your specifications is our job and that is why we offer clean rooms in a wide variety of configurations. Our company specializes in designing flexible solutions for many industries throughout the world.
Terra Universal, Inc.
Fullerton, CA
714-578-6000
Terra Universal manufactures many varieties of clean rooms, including BioSafe Clean Rooms for bio-pharmaceutical and medical processing. Clean room panels provide ESD safety, cleanliness, visibility and chemical resistance. The unique freestanding all-steel clean room supports and ceiling grid require no external bracing. Pass-throughs, A/C, furniture also available.
Cleanrooms by United
Ontario, CA
800-959-0878
Designer, manufacturer and installer of clean rooms and controlled environments specializing in turn key applications nationwide. Single pass or re-circulating systems available with options for temperature control, humidity control, pressurized or negative pressure and sound deadening. Cleanrooms by United offers solutions that meet or exceed federal and ISO standards.
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cleanrooms
IAC Industries
Brea, CA
800-989-1422
IAC Industries, as global clean room manufacturers, serves a wide variety of industries with high-quality, cost-effective clean rooms. Our clean rooms are manufactured to strict standards of quality, and our knowledgeable staff of service and design professionals are committed to providing customers with the highest possible quality clean rooms. Call or visit our website for more information.
Simplex Isolation Systems
Fontana, CA
800-854-7951
One of the most prominent names amongst clean room companies, Simplex™ Isolation Systems takes clean room engineering to new heights. As premium clean room manufacturers, Simplex™ offers clean room products such as sterile clean rooms, clean room enclosures and clean room buildings. With endless construction possibilities and clean room services, Simplex™ products are backed by industry expertise.
Technical Air Products
Belmont, MI
800-595-0020
Technical Air Products is an expert at clean room engineering, offering clean room products including sterile clean rooms, clean room building and clean room enclosures. Technical Air Products, as variable clean room manufacturers, serves diverse industries including microelectronics and optical coatings. If a stock product won`t fit the need, Technical Air Products can custom-build.
Modular Cleanrooms, Inc.
Denver, CO
800-496-7666
Modular Cleanrooms specializes in manufacturing clean rooms. Our product line includes laminar flow benches, air showers and much more. Offering clean room levels from class 100,000-10 to ISO Class 8-Class 1, compliant with federal standards 209E. Modular design allows most of our clean rooms to be installed by end-users, or if needed, our company can provide installation services.
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clean room design
Clean Air Technology, Inc.
Canton, MI
800-459-6320
A clean room manufacturer, Clean Air Technology provides products and services to the pharmaceutical, medical, semiconductor, electronic and aerospace industries. AutoCAD is provided for most projects for the engineering process. Clean rooms from Clean Air Technology receive semi-annual inspection and feature prefabricated modular, load-bearing, air return walls and top deck systems.
V. Crowley Associates, LLC
Madison, NJ
973-301-9870
V. Crowley Associates is a high-performance clean room manufacturer offering sterile clean rooms through clean room engineering and design. Cleanrooms offered include clean room enclosures and clean room buildings, with clean room services also available. As leading clean room manufacturers, V. Crowley Associates has an extensive network of solution-based engineering and manufacturing resources.
CleanZones, LLC
Jackson, NJ
888-399-2464
CleanZones is your full service clean room company, offering a wide selection of clean room products: air showers, soft and hardwall clean rooms, high quality air filtration equipment, laboratory casework, work stations, wet process stations and a variety of other contamination control products. Clients get exactly what they want, when and how they want, without the custom cost!
Moduspace Inc
Laval, QC
514-298-0505
A leading manufacturer of clean rooms with over 20 years of experience. With three distinct lines of clean room wall systems, we can develop a cost effective solution for any application. All of our wall systems interface with floors, ceilings and mechanical components to provide an ultra-clean environment with effective control of air flow, pressure, temperature, humidity and filtration.

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Industry Information
View A Video on Clean Rooms - A Quick Introduction

All clean room designs are intended to provide a workspace in which factors like airborne dust, variable air temperature and pressures, moisture and other atmospheric conditions can be carefully controlled. All of the different possible clean room constructions allow professionals a range of workspace possibilities. They range from strict Class 100 clean rooms to less rigidly controlled portable clean rooms and modular clean rooms. As more and more operations came to rely on clean rooms, regulatory authorities and standards-setting organizations classified clean rooms according to their capacity for removing contaminants. Class 1,000 clean rooms, for example, employ clean room supplies that are unlikely to release fibrous contaminants. The standards for clean room equipment used in Class 10,000 clean rooms are less strict; they can often feature soft walls and are used for less sensitive applications.

The measure of clean room cleanliness is the number of air pollutants that can be found in an air sample. Many clean rooms are not intended to be completely sterile environments. More typically, professionals concern themselves with the amount of dust floating in the air or that can be kicked up from the floor when stepped on. This dust is microscopic and can sometimes only be measured by specialized machinery. There are some cases in which sterility is a requirement; many medical research operations and testing procedures must be conducted in a sterile environment. Pharmacological studies, infectious disease testing and other highly sensitive medical research-related procedures often require the complete evacuation of any microbes that may be present in their surrounding environments. Clean room cleanliness is determined based on the presence of contaminants over 0.5 micrometers in size. A human hair is usually around 100 micrometers wide, and humans shed dead skin cells at a rapid rate of 100,000 particles per minute while standing still. For these reasons, very little skin or hair, if any, is allowed to be exposed in clean room settings; they are both usually covered by protective clothing. Also, most clean rooms are equipped with some kind of air quality control system, many of which involve air filters and fans that remove air from within the clean room and pump filtered air in.

Clean room designs range in terms of size, material and their intended standard of cleanliness. Clean rooms used by major manufacturers of microelectronics, pharmaceutical products or circuitry can be as large as warehouses; these large clean rooms are sometime referred to as "ballrooms." Other clean rooms can be as small as household ovens; these are used in small scale medical testing procedures as well as specialized, limited or exclusive-run manufacturing operations. They can also be used for repairs and for small experiments. Permanent clean rooms are usually built into the structures of the buildings that house them, as are the machines that regulate their conditions. However, some permanent clean rooms can be enclosed by glass or clear plastic walls. Soft walls, which are most commonly used in clean rooms with lower decontamination standards, are often made of flexible acrylic materials or other plastics. All of the materials used in the construction of clean rooms must be carefully chosen for their non-fibrous, non static electricity-generating and non-corrosive qualities. Any material that could contribute to air contamination must be avoided during the construction of clean rooms. Even stainless steel can corrode when exposed to bleach, which is sometimes used as a disinfectant.

There are two main standards systems against which the cleanliness of a clean room is measured. US FED STD 209E is the system of standards set by the United States government; clean room models are assigned a class number based on the number of 0.5 micrometer-sized particles found in every cubic foot of atmosphere within the clean room. The class numbers correspond with the particle per cubic foot number. Class 1 clean rooms can be expected to contain one 0.5 micrometer-sized particle per square foot, Class 100 can be expected to contain 100 particles, and so on. If regular, unfiltered air were assigned a classification, it would be Class 1,000,000. The International Organization for Standardization also assigns standards to clean rooms based on their anticipated contaminant levels, though the ISO standards are assigned on a scale of three to eight, with three being assigned to the most effective clean room systems. The British Standard system is also recognized by some industries; their system measures contaminants in cubic meters instead of feet.

Clean Rooms
Class 100 Clean Rooms
Images Provided by Abtech, Inc.




Clean Room Types

  • Ballrooms are large-scale clean rooms.
  • Class 100 clean rooms are Federal Standard 209 regulated and never exceed 100 particles per foot.
  • Class 1000 clean rooms are Federal Standard 209 regulated and never exceed 1000 particles per foot.
  • Class 10000 clean rooms are Federal Standard 209 regulated and never exceed 10000 particles per foot.
  • Clean room equipment includes any tools, furniture, storage systems and work surfaces that are made specifically for use in clean rooms.
  • Clean room systems consist of all components that make up a functioning clean room.
  • Cleanroom construction companies manufacture custom or pre-designed clean rooms that fit all sorts of industry-specific standards.
  • Cleanroom design refers to the type of design, including conventional, portable, hard wall modular, and soft wall modular.
  • Cleanroom supplies include products that aid in maintaining a sterile clean room.
  • Cleanrooms are areas where air content is strictly controlled.
  • Conventional clean rooms are generally permanent clean rooms and are the most common type.
  • Laminar flow clean rooms have filtration systems that control airflow and velocity to keep airborne particles from coming into contact with anything.
  • Micro environments are clean areas constructed for semiconductor fabrication and other similar, sensitive fabrication processes. In micro environments, small clean areas are constructed around the wafer (or other project piece) itself or around a part of the wafer to protect it from atmospheric exposure.
  • Mini environments are localized clean areas constructed around a specific tool or part to prevent atmospheric exposure.
  • Modular cleanrooms are clean rooms that are assembled on-site from pre-cut components (e.g. ceiling grid struts, walls, etc.).
  • Portable clean rooms are transportable and self-contained.
  • Softwall cleanrooms have walls constructed either of fabric stretched tightly over a frame or of free-hanging strips of fabric.

Clean Rooms
 Modular Clean Rooms
 
 Ball Rooms
Clean Room Systems

Clean rooms and Images Provided by American Cleanroom Systems


Clean Room Terms

Air Lock - A room located between a clean room and outside area that acts as a buffer during the transportation of materials into and out of the clean room.

Air Shower - A small room in which high-speed air jets rid personnel of contaminants prior to entering the clean room.
 
Airborne Particulate Cleanliness Class Number - Represents the number of particles 0.5 microns in size or larger per cubic foot of air in the clean room. The smaller the class number, the higher the air purity.
 
Ceiling Grid System - Structure that secures lights and filters into the ceiling. 

Clean Room Construction - Custom or pre-designed clean rooms that fit industry-specific standards and come in many different forms.

Clean Room Equipment - Any movable furniture, machinery tool or storage systems made specifically for use in clean rooms.

Clean room Partitions - Walls that create multiple clean areas to meet a variety of cleanliness requirements inside a single clean room.

Clean Room Pass Thrus - Air locks that provide a way for products and supplies to be delivered and picked up without personnel having to enter the room, minimizing the entry of contaminating agents.
 
Clean Room Suits - Also called "bunny suits," they are worn over regular clothing and made from a special non-linting, anti-static fabric.
 
Clean Room Tables - Tables that come with either a perforated or solid top and meet clean room requirements.
 
Contamination - Harmful or unnecessary substances that decrease the purity of the environment in which they are found.
 
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) - An uncontrolled dissipation of electricity, also called a "shock," which can easily destroy semiconductor products.
 
Equipment Layout - A summary of the clean room and other functional areas, which articulates the areas necessary for functioning and support.
 
Federal Standard 209E - Text that dictates air cleanliness standards in clean rooms.
 
Filter Module - Unit containing either HEPA or ULPA filter located in clean room ceilings or walls.

HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) Filter - Air filter capable of trapping a minimum of 99.97% of particles at least 0.3 microns in size.
 
HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) Systems
- The equipment responsible for providing and maintaining heating, cooling and air conditioning to a building or facility.
 
Laminar Flow - Airflow within a confined area traveling with consistent speed and direction.
 
Micron - Measurement unit equivalent to one-millionth of a meter.
 
Microbes - Microscopic, living organisms. They can be released from human skin during skin cell shedding.  
 
Particle Size - Represents the measurement or dimensions of a particle.
 
Particle - An object, either solid or liquid, ranging from 0.001 to 1,000 microns.
 
Particulate - A body of matter consisting of distinct particles.
 
Prefilters - Additional filter used in conjunction with the main filter to collect large particles and protect the main filter from excess contamination.
 
Sealant - Substance often consisting of plastic or silicone used to secure HEPA filters into ceiling grids.

Sticky Mat - Doormat located at clean room and shower entrances that utilizes adhesive film to clean the shoes of personnel.
 
Testing/Certification Services - Services responsible for the testing and maintenance of clean room components, including HEPA filters, HVAC systems and other equipment. Tests on HEPA filters include particle count surveys, air condition measurement, vibration measurement and airflow consistency.
 
Turbulent Flow - Airflow within an enclosure that does not travel in one direction.
 
ULPA (Ultra Low Particulate Air) Filter - Air filter capable of trapping 99.9999% of particles at least 0.12 microns in size.
 
Utility Matrix - Also called "process utility summary," "tool matrix" or "utility requirement spreadsheet," it is the summary of the analysis of the services of each piece of equipment needed to plan the construction of a clean room.
 
Wafer - Also called a "slice," it is a very thin piece of silicon that is the base material for microchips.