Radial piston hydraulic motors convert hydraulic pressure into large amounts of power and energy. Hydraulic motors convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. Radial piston motors are common components in larger hydraulic systems. They are frequently used to power automated manufacturing systems.
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Radial piston hydraulic motors are fairly simple in design: a hydraulic line connects a pump to the motor and forces fluid from a reservoir into the motor. The fluid forces the movable components of the motor into motion, which in turn rotates the attached shaft, providing rotary mechanical motion. Radial piston motors and hydraulic motors in general are able to produce much more power than other motors of the same size and for this reason are used for larger loads than electric motors. Radial piston motors are highly efficient and reliable and are capable of applying high pressures. They run quietly and can carry heavy loads even at low speeds. Hydraulics motors are most commonly used in aircraft, heavy duty vehicles, industrial lifting and in machinery that requires strong pressurized actions. Small hydraulic motors are used in high precision applications. Hydraulics motors are also used in trenchers, automobiles, construction equipment, drives for marine winches, waste management and recycling processes, wheel motors for military vehicles, self-driven cranes, excavators, forestry, agriculture, conveyor and auger systems, dredging and industrial processing.
Radial piston hydraulic motors typically have 7 or 9 pistons. They are a subgroup of piston type motors, one of three main kinds of hydraulic motors. The pistons are mounted around a center shaft that is eccentrically balanced. Hydraulic fluid, which is commonly oil, is pumped into the pistons, filling the small volume there and forcing the piston to move outward because the fluid cannot be compressed. The piston drives up and pushes against the rotor, causing the cylinder block to rotate. The hydraulic fluid transfers the pressure from the first piston and in the fluid to the next piston moving them in sequence until the fluid is forced out of the cylinder, filtered and reused. Hydraulic piston motors can be either axial or radial and are generally the most expensive of the hydraulic motors. Their advantage is that they are much more adaptable to high torque, low speed operation and higher system pressure applications. The other kinds of hydraulic motors are gear motors and vane motors. Gear motors work when hydraulic fluid causes the meshing gears to rotate and vane motors use flat blades that move in and out of a central shaft to create suction, pressure and energy.
