Foam Rubber
Foam rubber is a rubber that is manufactured with foaming agents in order to create a flexible, air-filled product. Polyurethane is the most common type of rubber used to fabricate foam rubber products. Foam rubber is a very versatile product and is used in all kinds of settings.
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Polymerization Process
Foam rubber is manufactured through a polymerization process. At the beginning of this process, chemicals are placed into two large holding tanks. Then they are pumped into smaller, heated mixing tanks, and from there they are pumped into mixing heads which allow the blending of chemicals to occur. The manner in which the chemicals are dispensed influences the type of foam rubber formed. For example, continuous dispensing helps form low-density foams in both rigid and flexible varieties. After the mixing, the foam must be cured before it can withstand further fabrication processes. Foam rubber is typically fabricated through a specialized injection molding process. In this process, an inert gas such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide is introduced into the heated rubber material. Next, the foamable rubber composition, which now consists of a single phase polymer/gas solution, is then injected into the mold cavity, allowing for shaping the foam into specific shapes for parts. A more recent development in foam fabrication is structural foam molding. In this process, instead of utilizing high pressure to force the foam to fill up the mold cavity, the foaming action is instead caused by an inert gas distributed in the raw rubber material to assist flow.
Types of Foam Rubber
There are two main types of foam rubber: open cell and closed cell. Their interconnected networks of pores characterize open cell foam products. Closed cell foam products are the opposite; their pores are not connected, making closed cell foam products denser. Both varieties are used in a wide range of applications. Open cell foam rubber is used in the automotive industry for seat padding and trim material. Other kinds of furniture like mattresses and pillows can also be made of open cell foam rubber. In industrial manufacturing, open cell foam rubber can be used in packaging and noise control applications. Closed cell foam rubber is also used in the automotive industry but for thicker products. Construction companies make use of closed cell foam rubber for insulation and other thermal management applications. They are also used in sporting activities as knee and elbow pads, wetsuits, and gloves. They can be used as orthopedic braces, surgical scrubbers, and x-ray positioning pads in healthcare settings.
Carbon Based Rubber
For years, the rubber market has remained the same. Rubber either consisted of natural rubber or synthetic rubber. The basic use for rubber was as a cushion of some kind- either as solid rubber or foam rubber.
Researchers have uncovered a new kind of super rubber that is flexible, stretchable, and can conduct electricity.
This rubber is carbon-based, which is what makes it conductive. The rubber can hold up in extreme temperatures and has a wide potential product base. Researchers hope that the new rubber could be used for creating flexible shoe soles and even generating electrical power through the conductive layer of the rubber.
This new rubber is a type of foam rubber manufactured from viscoelastic materials and nanotube rubber. The rubber can be twisted, pulled, pushed, scrunched, and stretched, and it will always return to its original shape. Even freezing the rubber or heating it on high heat will not change the composition of the rubber. This gives the new material potential to be used in space and other high-temperature applications.
The conductive nature of the rubber is hoped to one day be able to power small objects, such as a phone or flashlight. The rubber can soak in the energy from the sun and convert it to electricity, much like a solar panel. The only drawback to this material is that it is expensive to manufacture and is not readily available. However, as more manufacturers look into the material, the cost will soon fall, making it accessible for all companies and factories around the world.