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Solenoid air valves are manufactured in a variety of styles in order to accommodate many flow control applications. For example, many air valves are available in either plastic or metal designs depending on the needs of the process. The size of the valve can vary as well; miniature solenoid valves are used for small instruments or for portable tools and items that require air control. Other solenoid valves are used with water or gas. Because strong force can be largely self-generated within pneumatic valve chambers, air valves are valued for their low energy requirement and low-maintenance. Solenoid air valves are used widely for many different industries and applications may include compressed air-powered tools such as jackhammers and nail guns, vacuums, ventilation systems, laser printers and medical and dental air-powered equipment.
There are two types of solenoid-activated air valves: pneumatic, or pilot operated, and direct acting. Piloted solenoids combine a pneumatic valve with a small solenoid vent chamber, allowing the valve to function pneumatically through changes in gas pressure while still being activated by solenoid. Direct acting solenoid valves have a more basic construction; a plunger or sealing pin blocks the passage of air through the valve, and a solenoid coil atop the plunger moves it when activated. Normally open (NO) valves move the plunger to block flow when activated, while normally closed (NC) valves activate the plunger to release flow. Both pneumatic and direct acting air valves can be manufactured to have multiple outlets. Two-way pneumatic valves are quite common in space heating and cooling, and three or more valve outlets may be used to heat multiple apartments from the same source. Pneumatic valves are convenient for multiple-line valves because air can be easily compressed and directed to different outlets using the basic principles of air compression. Solenoid pilots make applications like space heating easy to automate, activate or trigger remotely. Hysteresis can be programmed into the solenoid, making it so that solenoid air valves can regulate temperature or pressure with little or no human effort.