Bellows couplings are connectors for shafts and equipment that require flexibility and non-linear alignment. These devices are composed of a rigid bellow and a coupling that transmits mechanical power between shafts, maintains constant velocity and compensates for axial motion and parallel or angular misalignment. Typically the bellows are made from stainless steel which is an excellent transmitter of torque. The coupling is made of aluminum which makes these devices exceptionally lightweight and durable. Bronze is also sometimes used. The walls are thin enough to allow the coupling to flex while remaining relatively rigid.

Bellows couplings are cylindrical with flexible rings acting as
the coupling. On either side are solid metal ends that connect to
shafts or other components. They are typically quite short in length
and range in diameter size from 1/8 inch to a full inch; custom or
specialty sizes are available but do not greatly vary in construction
or function. Like shaftwheel couplings
they are constructed to reduce vibration when used in applications with
high rotations per minute (rpm). Mostly used in industrial machinery,
bellows couplings create a quiet, smooth operation in systems with high
levels of torsional integrity like encoder drives, closed loop servo
systems, motion control instrumentation, robotics, CNC machine tools
and precision positioning.
Mechanical flexible couplings
are made of loose fitting parts that move in a sliding and rolling
manner; bellows couplings fit this category because they have a coil
that allows them to move. Unlike other mechanical flexible shaft couplings,
these generally need no lubrication. They offer a near-infinite life
span and are virtually maintenance free. Their connection is hidden
within the fit-length of the hub, enabling exact transmission of
angular motion and torque. Bellows couplings operate at high speeds
anywhere from 12,000 to 32,000 rpm and absorb eccentricity and
angularity. They are oil- and chemical-resistant, have thin and
lightweight yet strong walls and offer easy and simple mounting and
dismounting. Bellows couplings exhibit high torsional stiffness and
zero backlash. The most common methods of construction for flexible
couplings such as these include electroforming, chemical deposition,
mechanical forming and welding. Electroformed bellows couplings are
made by adding layers of metal on a mandrel until the desired thickness
is reached and the mandrel is melted away to leave behind the bellows.
Chemical deposition is a similar method except that the materials are
added by electrodeposition. Mechanical forming includes roll-forming or
extrusion. Welded bellows couplings are made by welding a series of
rings or washers on both their inside and outside.