Concrete crushers are a type of pulverization equipment used in the crushing, or breaking into very fine particles, of concrete into concrete aggregate. Since concrete, made up of broken stone or gravel and sand, is a very dense, hard material, a heavy-duty pulverizer is required. Designed to reduce large waste materials for easier disposal or recycling, crushers are well-suited to concrete pulverization because they compress hard materials such as ore and asphalt.
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Crushers work well on concrete, since it is comparable in density to both ore and asphalt, which are heavy duty enough to require a significantly strong pulverizer, like a crusher. While concrete crushers are often used in disposal applications in which the concrete aggregate is trucked to landfills, concrete aggregate recycling is becoming very popular; many construction companies are utilizing recycled concrete in the construction of roadways, bridges, buildings, pillars and various other structures. In order for concrete to be recyclable, it must not contain contaminants such as paper, trash, wood or other such materials. Another industry that benefits from the use of concrete crushers is small-scale demolition, in which the crushers are used in much the same way as construction, for the crushing of bridges, roadways, foundations and building debris.
Since concrete crushers require a crusher that is well-suited for tough materials, the most common type of crusher used is a jaw crusher. However, cone crushers may also be used. A jaw crusher functions on the principle of compression, meaning that the concrete is crushed as a result of a force that is supplied by mechanical means through a material that is molecularly stronger than concrete. Jaw crushers are among the most easily-recognizable crusher varieties because of their distinctive crushing jaws. The crushing is possible because one of the two jaws is stationary, while the other is mobile, and crushing is enabled by the mobile jaw's movement, which creates the energy required for compression. The concrete is held between the two jaws, and the mobile jaw provides momentum that forces the two jaws together and crushes the concrete. Cone crushers have a less well-known design, although their name gives clues to their design. Conically-shaped, cone crushers feature a large top opening to load the concrete and a much smaller bottom opening for the crushed concrete aggregate to exit. Cone crushers crush concrete by squeezing the concrete between an eccentrically gyrating spindle and a concave hopper, both of which are covered by wear-resistant materials.