Pressure calibrators are devices that determine how accurately sensors are measuring pressure in order to keep them operating safely and efficiently. Pressure calibrators take their own measurements of a pressure and then compare the results with the reading taken by the pressure sensor. If they are the same, then the sensor is calibrated correctly, which means it is accurate and precise. Calibrators also take temperature into account because of the relationship between pressure and temperature.
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Pressure calibrators are sometimes built into systems along with regulators or transmitters so the sensors can be checked routinely. Other calibrators are handheld and provide digital results; some are analog. Advanced devices provide readings up to four times more precise than the sensors they calibrate. Pressure calibrators are also used before the sensor is installed, which gives the sensor its scale. For example, when a tire pressure gauge reads 0 PSI, it is really ~14.7 PSI(this is only the case for gauge pressure calibrators, which indicate pressure relative to ambient pressure) because of atmospheric pressure. To keep the reading simple and straightforward, the sensor is calibrated to put the zero point at atmospheric pressure. Pressure calibrators must be fast, accurate and reliable because proper calibration is an important step in maintaining safe and efficient working conditions. These devices are used anywhere pressure sensors are present in chemical plants, water treatment processes, manufacturing and more.
Most calibrators are considered secondary pressure calibrators. Instead of primary pressure calibrators such as pressure gauges and deadweight testers that allow measurement in terms of length, mass and time, secondary calibrators have a built-in sensor that converts the pressure to an electrical output that is displayed as a pressure value. Digital pressure calibrators are included in this category. Pressure calibrators are available with single or double stainless steel sensors that take measurements based on the principle of piezoresistance, which is the observation that different amounts of pressure cause a material to conduct electricity at certain rates. The sensors receive the electrical charge, determine the corresponding charge and then display the results in the form of numbers and units. Gauge and sealed pressure sensors are calibrated according to atmospheric and sea level pressures. For ease of use and transport, many pressure calibrators are available in a portable unit. Handheld digital models are made from durable plastic with a LCD screen to display the results in a variety of units. Others come in a carrying case and are frequently used in the field, plant or workshop. Analog calibrators are stainless steel with a gauge instead of a screen. These devices are smaller and come in a kit with various adapter pieces.