High pressure gauges are instruments that measure and display the pressure of gases and liquids moving at high velocities. Gases and liquids contained in systems or vessels are automatically under pressure and when the temperature rises or more gas and liquid is added to the container, the pressure increases even more.
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Conventional pressure gages measure a few hundred pounds per square inch, while high pressure gauges measure up to 10,000 PSI, a very high pressure when compared to the atmospheric pressure of ~14.7 PSI; low pressure gauges work with pressures below 15 PSI. High pressure gauges are constructed from the same materials as other gauges: stainless steel, bronze, brass, cast iron and aluminum. If the gauge will be used in a corrosive environment, higher grades of stainless steel such as grade 316 may be used. Strong, shatter-resistant glass provides a window to protect the analog dial or digital screen that provides readings of the pressure. A threaded fitting allows the gauge to be quickly added to a system; other features include ports and valves. High pressure gauges that are used in critical applications are paired with additional sensors and shutoff valves in case the pressure becomes dangerously high. High pressure gauges are used for industrial and manufacturing applications, mainly for high pressure hydraulic technology including water cutting machines, hydro-blasting pumps and hydro-demolition.
High pressure gauges are very similar to conventional gauges with a few adjustments. Gauges can be identified according to how they detect changes in pressure. Hydrostatic pressure gauges use a liquid to compare the measured pressure to the pressure exerted by the force of gravity on a fluid at equilibrium. Piston and liquid column instruments are examples of hydrostatic gauges. Piston type pressure gauges are also called deadweight testers because they counterbalance the pressure of a fluid with a solid weight or spring. Aneroid pressure gauges have a thin flexible membrane that curls, bends or twists to reflect the amount of pressure being exerted upon it. Bourdon tubes and diaphragm gauges are the main kinds of aneroid gauges. A C-shaped or coiled tube in the Bourdon gauge is connected to the system or vessel where the pressure must be read. The tubes coil and uncoil depending on a decrease or increase of pressure. A diaphragm gauge uses a membrane sealed in between two regions of varying pressure. The membrane flexes or deflects and the deformation is measured as the pressure. For some high pressure gauges, venting is unnecessary. A sealed gauge reference is one such instrument. Generally, high pressure gauges tend to use the Bourdon tube method and are effective as long as the materials are of top quality.
