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As a method of transferring materials or products from railcars to storage such as silos or bins, railcar unloading can be accomplished through a variety of equipment, the most common of which are railcar unloading conveyors. Railcar unloading conveyors are a safe and efficient way to unload railcars, as compared to human labor which can be slow, inefficient, noisy and detrimental to the employee. Railcar unloading conveyors are typically pneumatically-powered due to advantages such as low product leakage and minimal product damage that pneumatic conveyors offer. In addition, since pneumatic conveyors are enclosed, they are incredibly useful in railcar unloading because they can eliminate the dust and debris that make other methods of railcar unloading such a messy process. While the most widely known industry that uses railcar unloading conveyors may be the mining industry, additional industries such as grain/feed, pulp and paper, transportation, power generation, biodiesel, ethanol and milling also make use of this efficient type of unloading equipment. Also able to be used for ship, truck and barge unloading, typical materials that are transported by railcar unloading conveyors include limestone, grain, sand and other aggregate materials.
Railcar unloading conveyors are enclosed tubular conveyors which use air to transport bulk solids and powder bulk materials from one location to another. Movement within railcar unloading conveyors is typically generated by a blower at the starting end of the conveyor, although certain types pull products through using a vacuum at the conveyor's destination. Typically, in railcar unloading conveyors there are pots, also called vacuum pans, that collect the material being conveyed. Once the pot is filled to a certain point, the railcar unloading conveyors utilize compressed air pressure from a pressure-conveying hose in order fluidize the materials and push or pull them to the storage area. In addition, the railcar unloading conveyors have a filtration system so that when the material is drawn into the pot, the air goes through a filtration system that will deposit any material that is lighter than the desired size, such as dust and other fine debris, into a filter, which will then discharges it into a separate storage bin, such as a portable drum. Through this system, railcar unloading conveyors eliminate problems caused by debris that can clog filters and increase equipment costs and downtime.