Plastic Film
The most common chemical systems or types of
plastics used in the manufacturing of film include
polyethylene,
polycarbonate,
polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride (
PVC) and polyoxymethylene among others. While the pervasiveness of plastic is readily recognized in everyday life, plastic film applications are often overlooked. Some of the most common uses for plastic film include plastic bags, shrink wrap and protective packaging. Building, construction, packaging, agriculture, aerospace, automotive, electronics, food processing, semiconductor, marine, medical and military industries employ film in these contexts on a daily basis. Additional applications for this versatile material include wood coating, crop and seed protection, dry-wall coating and curing blankets for concrete. Most often used for moisture and environmental resistance, film can be treated to provide anti-static control in order to prevent the build up of energy, protection against electrostatic discharge and electromagnetic interference, flame retardant and dampening. It is important to consider the capabilities of a specific plastic film with regards to its intended use. The manufacturing technique used can also have a significant impact on the usability and characteristics of a particular film.
While casting, winding and sheet extrusion are commonly used to produce plastic film, blown film extrusion is the most popular for many applications. In this process the chosen polymer mix is compacted and heated to its flow point, at which time it becomes a viscous fluid. The molten polymer is extruded through a die producing a tube of plastic. A hole in the center of the die forces air into the enclosed tube. Uniform pressure is applied allowing the air to inflate the plastic at a constant rate creating an even thickness. As the bubble expands upward, a cooling ring slowly lowers the temperature, returning the fluid to a plastic state. At the point of solidification, nip rollers collapse the bubble and flatten it. The film may pass through a treatment center at this point if any of the aforementioned treatments are desired. While the film is then ready for handling, it is often wound with uniform tension for easy transport. In addition to treatments, additives such as heat stabilizers, lubricants, fillers and plasticizers may be added to the raw materials utilized in fabrication in order to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the end product. These can have a significant impact on the color, strength, density, working temperature range, structural integrity and corrosion and heat resistance of a polymer.
