Linear stages, or positioning stages, are used within motion systems to restrict the movement of an object to a single direction along a single axis. Linear stages provide low-friction motion and precision positioning for different types of automation used in applications such as: vision inspection, automated component positioning, laser positioning and welding, machining and fluid dispensing.
A typical linear stage has a platform and a stationary base. A moving carriage or bearing system joins the base and platform, and limits the movement of the stage to the allowances of the base. In a simple, one-axis linear stage, movement is along one plane and in one limited direction. Linear stages may use linear slides that incorporate ball bearings or crossed ball bearings, cylindrical or dovetail components depending on the intended use and application of the system. The moving carriage is joined to the raceways on either side of the base by linear bearings which serve as guides to restrict the motion of the platform to one dimension. A linear stage has a driver mechanism which is responsible for the movement along the linear guide. This can be a manually powered device using a hand wheel or hand crank, or a motorized machine such as an AC motor or hydraulic motor. It is important to consider required accuracy and precision, intended load capacity and desired speed when determining the best method of driving a linear stage system.
Common materials used to construct linear stages include aluminum, steel alloys and stainless steel, all of which are often used in linear stage and slide systems because of their durability and hardness. While the majority of linear stages are designed for one plane and one direction, if needed for specific applications, multiple linear stages may be used in conjunction with one another. Multiple linear stages allow for control of motion and movement in more than one direction. These are known and two-axis or X-Y linear stages, or three-axis or X-Y-Z stages. These systems are more complicated to manufacture and operate but add increased range of movement which is necessary for some applications. Generally speaking, linear stages are versatile pieces of machinery and are highly-adaptable to a number of applications. However there are some important considerations to take into account when determining the best solution. For example, location and the relative dirt and debris concentration should be investigated as the linear stage is likely to need to a covering of sorts to prevent contamination or potential system breakdown.
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Linear Stage Image Provided by Tusk Direct, Inc.
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Linear Stages Image Provided by Del-Tron Precision, Inc.
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