Coated glass is standard glass which has been covered with a substance to protect or alter its appearance or performance. Glass is used in a number of applications which undergo certain levels of stress and therefore standard glass needs reinforcing in many of those applications. Examples would be heat resistant glass and sight glass. Coatings may be applied to any glass material or product, including car window shields, window panes, mirrors, bottles, interior architectural components and parts of DVD and CD players.
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Glass is a sensitive material and is susceptible to damage and breakage. Different coatings can reduce brittleness, increase strength, increase or decrease the reflectivity, protect against electromagnetic radiation, increase water roll-off and change the color either for safety glass or decorative purposes. Glass coatings can be metal, plastic, paint or various chemicals and can achieve numerous purposes. Before coating glass with a material, there are characteristics of the material to be considered. Coatings must be compatible with the properties of the type of glass to which they are being applied and not likely to corrode or destruct over time. The coatings must be applied in uniform thickness to preserve the visibility and smooth finish of the glass. The operations for glass fabricators must be safe and environmentally friendly, and the process must be able to produce safety glass quickly and efficiently.
Glass materials are relatively strong with good electrical and thermal insulation and corrosion resistant properties. However, these properties can be strengthened by the addition of extra materials such as coatings. Different types of coatings include safety coatings such as laminate, anti-reflective coatings or silver/metal coatings, or screen and decorative coatings. The main glass coating processes used today are plasma vapor deposition (PVD), magnetron sputtering and chemical vapor deposition. In PVD, ions formed in gas plasma are accelerated onto the glass, causing the coating material to be ejected and deposited onto the glass. Combining various chemicals and materials together make coatings that selectively absorb and reflect different wavelengths of light. The process of plasma vapor deposition forms anti or high reflective glass coatings which are used on thinly coated objects such as semiconductor wafers. Magnetron sputtering is the most common form of glass coating and is also used for thin-film deposition. It uses a vacuum to produce multi-layer coatings that may be applied in any direction. Finally, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) uses a gas mixture and heated glass. A chemical reaction happens on the surface, which causes a coating to form and bond to the glass.