Disc brake pads are an essential part of many braking systems as they are the brake materials used to create enough friction to slow or stop motion. While used most commonly in vehicles, disc brake pads are also implemented in the braking mechanisms of locomotives, manufacturing machinery, and jumbo jets. There are three main components to disc brake pads: the pads themselves, the calipers and the rotors.
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Disc Brake Pads
Brake pads are composed of a friction material which is then attached to a metal plate of sorts. The metal plate helps maintain the structure of the brake, but the brake bad is what is used to create enough friction to slow or stop a vehicle. The metal plates are attached to a caliper which contains a piston. When pressure is applied to the brake pedal, the disc brake pads are brought closer together around the rotor. There are typically two on each caliper, and they essentially squeeze the rotor until it stops moving. The kinetic energy is transferred to heat as friction develops, allowing it to be removed from the engine or machine. Therefore, the materials used for brake pads need to be durable and strong, as well as able to resist high levels of heat.
Originally, most brake pads were manufactured from asbestos as it is a hard and durable material. However, since the process of braking results in the disc pads coming together and essentially wearing the other out over time. Small dust particles are released during the process and since asbestos dust is harmful, other materials were developed for the construction of brake pads such as ceramics, kevlar and other hard plastics. These brake materials tend to perform well, even under extreme conditions and also result in low dust production. As the process of creating friction places the discs under a great deal of stress and tension, not to mention the high temperatures achieved, disc deterioration over time is inevitable. Braking system maintenance is an important element of any vehicular or mechanical system and therefore the components of the system such as brake pads, brake linings and brake shoes will need to be checked periodically for wear and tear. If the disc wears out too much, the brakes may squeal or judder, alerting the operator to a potential problem. This should not be ignored as serious damage could occur as a result of brake failure. Brake disc pads should be replaced fairly regularly to ensure that optimum braking capabilities are maintained.