Filter foam is open cell foam that allows air and water to pass through it while trapping and catching small particles like dust and dirt. They are used to maintain cleanliness and lengthen the lifespan of many different products, machines and systems in industrial and commercial settings. Around the house, they are most likely seen in aquariums to keep the water clean, vacuum cleaners to gather dirt and clothes dryers to catch lint.
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Filter foam is a versatile foam material used to keep systems clean by trapping particles of dust or dirt and allowing the passage of air and/or liquids through the system. It is most commonly made of reticulated open cell polyurethane foam, although polyester and polyether foam may be used too. Filter foam is used in a variety of applications ranging from air filters in HVAC equipment such as air conditioner units, fan coils and ventilators, to water filters in ponds, aquariums and water systems, to filter components in automotive engines and vacuum cleaners. The versatility of foam allows it to be used for an almost limitless amount of applications. In addition to being used for filtering purposes, filter foam can also be used for blackboard erasers, paint brushes and clean room scrubbers or wipers. Filter foam is a depth filter that traps particles within its cells and is most often open cell foam. These cells can be manipulated during the fabricating of filter foam to be adjusted in terms of size, shape and configuration, thus affecting the porosity of the material. Porosity is an important characteristic of filter foam. Different porosity levels are needed for specific applications and therefore manufacturers are able to purchase filter foam according to this distinction. Other physical characteristics of filter foam include its compressibility, the absorption qualities for energy, sounds and vibrations, its thermal insulation, low water transmission and resistance to mold, mildew and bacterial growth.
Due to the trapping nature of filter foam, over time it will become clogged and ineffective and will either need replacing, or washing and reuse. The dirt capacity of foam will depend on the substance it is filtering, as well as on the volume and size of the particles it is used to trap. The available surface area of the foam will also affect its effectiveness as a filter system element. Most foam can be cleaned by vacuuming, washing in water and detergents, steaming or flushing, and can be washed and reused a number of times before needing replacement. As foam is able to withstand extremely high temperatures and therefore can be sterilized for use in applications for medical or chemical filtering. Foam can also withstand extremely low temperatures without breaking down or becoming ineffective and so can be used in outdoor applications including those exposed to extreme elements. The typical components of film media are also not adversely affected by water, soap, detergents, oils, solvents or greases, allowing it to be. However depending on whether foam should be polyester based or polyether based will be dependent on whether it is being used for liquids or gases.