Infrared dryers remove moisture from substances, materials and parts using electromagnetic radiation between 0.7 and 300 micrometers (µm) in wavelength. Infrared rays are just one part of the electromagnetic spectrum, which also includes gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet rays, microwaves and radio waves. Infrared rays have a longer wavelength than visible light and therefore cannot be seen. They can, however, be felt.
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Infrared dryers use heat to cause evaporation and dry a wide range of products. The dryers can range in size and shape but generally consist of a rectangular box with a conveyor belt running through the center. The compact burners are mounted inside the housing and directed towards the products that pass through the dryer. Made of metal or ceramic material, the burners can heat up to the operating temperature in about ten seconds. They also cool very quickly, dropping below ignition temperature in as little as one second. Some dryers use a shutter system to flash dry products. Infrared dryers can also be exposed and mounted on stands without a housing. Dryers with infrared burners for heat sources are frequently used for paper drying as well as for curing ink, paint, silicone, foam, adhesives and resin. In addition to aiding manufacturing processes, infrared dryers are used for food processing and by medical and pharmaceutical industries.
Infrared heat is more readily absorbed by solid three-dimensional objects than by the air, which means that most of the heat reaches its destination instead of diffusing into the atmosphere. Convection heaters, for example, heat the air then circulate it by fans or blowers, whereas infrared heaters emit heat that travels directly to the object. When infrared dryers are used, products dry from the inside out, minimizing scorching. Different materials have different radiant heat absorption properties, and the wavelength of the infrared heater can be matched to the absorption rate of the product to increase efficiency. Infrared dryers are safer than some other dryers because the housing remains cool to the touch and once the burners are shut off it will quickly drop in temperature. Infrared dryers have two main kinds of heat sources, depending on how they are powered. Electric infrared burners use a heated tungsten wire filament encased in a quartz glass tube while burners fueled by gas convert the energy from the flame into infrared radiation through a series of tubes, filaments or ceramic heat exchangers. Some also utilize reflectors to keep the rays focused towards the product. Fans can also be used to redistribute the heat and to further direct it.