PC data acquisition is a method of data acquisition that utilizes a personal computer (PC) as the device where signals are converted to digital values for further manipulation. A PC is defined as a small-sized digital computer that was designed to be used by one individual at a time. This method of data acquisition is the most popular method, although other devices can be used in place of PCs such as PC-compatible industrial computers, desktop computers and an Apple Macintosh computer.
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A PC is the most commonly used data acquisition computer because of its easy accessibility as well as the wide range of general-purpose software programs that can be used, such as those with the programming languages of BASIC, Fortran, Java, C, and Lisp. Some specialized programs that can be used in PC data acquisition are ladder logic, MATLAB, LabVIEW and more for graphical programming and EPICS for the building of large-scale data acquisition systems. Due to the wide range of possibilities when it comes to PC data acquisition, there is a broad spectrum of applications and industries that they are utilized in including: wastewater, in order to collect data for toxicity testing of the wastewater and the effectiveness of the treatment; medical, for the acquisition of clinical trial information through central web based systems and local electronic data capture systems; and aerospace, to collect data through flight data acquisition units and structural dynamics test systems.
A PC data acquisition system requires three main components: a sensor(s), signal conditioning circuitry and analog-to-digital converters. PC data acquisition systems require sensors in order to provide the function of converting physical conditions such as property or phenomena into electrical signals. From the sensors the electrical signals travel to the signal conditioning circuitry. Also simply referred to as signal conditioners, the signal conditioning circuitry functions to convert the electrical signals sent from the sensors into a form that can be more readily converted into digital values. After leaving the signal conditioning circuitry, the converted electrical signals travel to the analog-to-digital converters. The analog-to-digital converters function by converting the signals conditioned by the circuitry into the final digital values that can then be recognized and thus utilized by the PCs. In addition to these three main components, there are other parts that are essential to PC data acquisitions systems. An example of one of these parts is a computer bus. Two common types of computer buses are a universal serial bus (USB) and a general purpose interface bus (GPIB), although both have very different functions. While a USB functions to establish communication between a device and a host controller, a GPIB functions to control electronic instruments by means of a PC.