Data acquisition cards are a form of data acquisition (DAQ) hardware used to interface between a signal and a type of personal computer (PC) such as a desktop, PC-compatible industrial computer or an Apple Macintosh computer. Connected to slots in the motherboard, as opposed to being connected to the computer’s ports, data acquisition cards can be designed with a multitude of components.
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Some of the data acquisition card components include random-access memory (RAM), high speed timers, disk array controller (DAC) and multiplexer. While data acquisition cards must be run permanently connected to a PC, there are some types of DAQ hardware that do not require permanent connectivity such as intelligent stand-alone loggers and oscilloscopes. Some examples of various types of data acquisition cards include S-100 bus, ISA, PCI, MCA and Applebus, and these and many other types of data acquisition cards are widely used in applications and industries such as: medical, in which they are used with medical imaging cameras and biomedical applications; automotive, for use in vehicle data acquisition systems for applications such as vehicle testing and performance monitoring; marine, in application such as depth data loggers, salinity loggers and electrocardiogram (EKG) measurements of marine life; and industrial, for use in automation and measurement applications such as chart recorders and various other instrumentation.
Data acquisition cards, also at times referred to as data acquisition computer boards, plug into the chassis of the PC in order to perform their function. The chassis is the physical frame or structure of the PC. There are a variety of modifications that are made to the data acquisition card depending on the desired application. One type of modification for a data acquisition card is that it can be designed with a variety of analog-to-digital converters (ADC). Some of the various types of ADC include half-flash ADCs, integrator ADCs, flash ADCs, successive approximation ADCs and voltage-to-frequency ADCs. Some of the ways in which these ADCs vary include characteristics such as while half-flash ADCs provide lower-resolution flash conversion, flash ADCs provide high resolution flash conversions. Additional modifications that can be made to data acquisition cards include the ability to work with a variety of network technologies as well as working with a variety of computer bus types. Some advantages of using data acquisition cards compared to using other types of data acquisition devices is that cards feature higher speed since they are directly connected to the computer bus and lower cost, considering the elimination of the need for power or the overhead of packaging.