Cast iron butterfly valves are mechanisms that control the flow of liquids and gases in pipes. Butterfly valves are able to provide complete shutoff capabilities through use of a disk that rotates on a shaft connected to a lever or wheel control. When the actuator is turned, the disk stands upright and blocks the flow instead of lying parallel to the pipe.
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Butterfly valves are constructed from metal; cast iron is a popular choice for heavy duty applications because of its strength and durability. Stainless steel or aluminum is used for the disc and/or sealing gasket because they are thinner and more flexible metals. Cast iron butterfly valves vary in diameter and flow capacity; some are a few inches while others are a few feet or yards across. Cast iron butterfly valves are used in a range of environments, including underground piping or manufacturing plants by a variety of industries. Butterfly valves can act as throttles that control the flow of a fluid without completely closing the pipe. Cast iron butterfly valves are used with gases, such as air, liquids, like water or petroleum, and mixtures of solids including slurries. Water management butterfly valves must be up to AWWA standards; chemical transport or high pressure lines are a few of the many applications that use butterfly valves.
Cast iron butterfly valves are rotary valves because they use radial motion to open and close. Many cast iron butterfly valves are controlled by levers that only require a 90° turn. When the actuator is turned the disc is rotated and fits tightly in the seal. The disc is moved because the actuator is connected to the shaft that holds it in place. Since the disc is thin, it is not a major obstruction for the flow of the pipe's contents. Cast iron butterfly valves are bubble tight, which means that no liquid or gas can pass through the closed valve. Larger valves have crank wheels that need to be rotated at least once; this minimizes the risk of accidental operation and allows the valve to be opened or closed in increments. Cast iron valves that are located in hard to reach areas can be operated electronically by a machine that turns the actuator when it receives a signal or command to do so. Torque limitations and ratings identify how much power is required to close the valve so that the stem is not damaged by over tightening. Depending on the demands of the pipe line, cast iron butterfly valves may be double or triple offset; that is, the disc may be mounted eccentrically to provide a seal that can withstand very high temperatures and pressure.