Hex bolts are threaded mechanical fasteners that have six sided heads and are often used in conjunction with a hex nut to adjoin two surfaces or objects securely. Also known as hexagon or hexagonal bolts, the name of this device is a derivative of the specific number of sides on the head, or the top portion of the bolt. A combination of nut bolt and screw bolt, the hex is one of the most universally used of all bolts.
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The hex bolt family members range from heavy duty industrial bolts to small ¼" bolts used in domestic settings, they fasten many different types of objects such as electronic devices, structural steel columns, custom automotive components, industrial equipment and commercial buildings. In any context, hex bolts may be either partially threaded, leaving the upper portion of the shaft smooth, or fully threaded. The later is known as a hex tap bolt. Partially threaded bolts often simply go by hex bolt, while some suppliers and manufacturers refer to them as hex machine bolts. High strength materials that are relatively wear resistant are used for either division of hexagonal headed bolts. Carbon steel, stainless steel, brass, bronze and even some durable plastics are implemented in the fabrication of these fasteners. Cadmium and zinc plating are sometimes used as finishes for bolts that will be subject to chemical and environmental corrosion.
The manufacturing process used to create hex bolts is similar to that of other bolt types. A steel or other sturdy metal wire rod is first heated consistently for an extended period of time and all rust particles are removed. If needed, the metal is coated for added protection. Cold forging is then used to shape the rod at room temperature and the rod is forced through dyes at high pressures to be shaped into long perfectly round rods. Once cut down to the desired length, a second dye shapes the head of the bolt, creating six even sides. Cold forging using high pressure rollers is then used to press in the thread pattern. This exterior spiral threading matches the inner threading of a corresponding nut. To fasten the bolt, the nut is simply tightened. Wrenches are used for secure fastening of both hex bolts and nuts, and may also be required to loosen them. When fragile or softer materials are being fastened, a washer is placed between the head of the bolt and the object surface to prevent the head from leaving an impression or being pulled through. It is important to consider the materials to be fastened as well as the strength and corrosion resistance required of the bolt materials. Other considerations include the bolt length, shank length, diameter, threads per inch and grade, which is often denoted on the flat upper surface of the bolt head.
