Blowmolding is the process of using compressed air and molten plastic to create hollow, thin-walled containers. Plastic blow molding is a well-suited method for forming hollow plastic parts, and thousands of applications benefit from the versatility of the process. Blow molders manufacture many different products, including toys, blow molded cases for transport and storage, sports equipment, garbage cans, planters, and most commonly, blow molded containers like plastic bottles for industries such as beverage, petrochemical and automotive.
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Injection blow molding, extrusion blow molding, and stretch blow molding are the three most common types of blow molding and differ mainly during the pre-form stages. Each variation has specific advantages and application uses, yet the basic process of blowmolding is straightforward. The plastic is melted down and formed into a parison which is clamped into a mold, a blow pin is then used to force compressed air into the parison and the molten plastic expands to fit the shape of the cavity. Controlled and constant air flow is essential to the quality of the final outcome as varying wall thicknesses compromise the strength and durability of the product. Blow molders have to ensure the constant expansion of the plastic in the mold to achieve uniform wall thickness in the product. The cavity is cooled, usually by conduction, and the hardened plastic product is removed from the mold.
The purpose of blow molding is to form a uniform finished plastic product that is smooth, strong and airtight and does not need to be joined together in any way, and the products that result from this process are strong and durable. Blow molded products take their shape according to the form of the mold cavity that the molten plastic is forced into, and can be formed from standard and commonly used cavity shapes, or specific products can be created with custom blow molding for unusual and unique purposes. The plastics used are all thermoplastic resins, and include high and low density polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyamide and acetal. While injection molding and rotational molding are more precise methods of plastic molding, blow molding offers the advantage of high-volume capacity, efficiency and relatively low costs. The process of blow molding usually takes a matter of seconds and therefore blow molding machines can produce high-volumes of durable plastic products in short periods of time with minimal finishing requirements. This capability makes blow molding a wise money-saving choice for manufacturers requiring high numbers of plastic products.