Vacuum Filters

Vacuum Filters

Vacuum filters maintain air quality and mechanical functionality by removing impurities from the air that is circulated through a given machine and then expelled. A vacuum cleaner uses a motorized fan or pump to create suction, pulling air and any particulates from an area, filtering them, storing the contaminants and exhausting the remaining clean air. Filters must be maintained to ensure that the fan, pump and motor of a machine can continue to run at optimal levels without build ups clogging the mechanisms. Several filtration panels and devices are often housed in one vacuum to improve air quality and air flow. Pre-filters, or motor filters, are placed near the air intake point and intercept air and dust before it reaches the motor. An exhaust or final filter is used to further purify air just before it is released back into the environment. HEPA or ULPA filters collect extremely fine particles and are often used as exhaust filters. As vacuum cleaners can stir up dust and even expel it back into the atmosphere, HEPA and ULPA filters are essential for persons with allergies and in several industries where air purity is of utmost importance. Pharmaceutical, medical, electronics, aerospace and military industries all require clean-room environments for which fine filters must be used. Other optional features of both home and industrial vacuum filtration include carbon, silica gel and micro-filters to further attract and eliminate pollutants such as dust, dander, pollen, allergens and other substances that may be suctioned up.

There are two main types of vacuum filters in use today. Surface filters offer a newer technology that is not as widespread as the traditional depth filtration. In a surface filtration system, particles are collected on the surface of the filter allowing for easy cleaning and reuse of a filter. This method preserves airflow and prevents filter clogging. Depth filtration, although more widely used, is more easily clogged and reduces airflow through a vacuum as particulates build up. Depth filters draw particles into the filter, clogging it and rendering it unusable without rigorous cleaning. Both depth and surface filters differ from vacuum to vacuum in design and materials, though most are cylindrical to fit the general plan of the device. Common materials include porous plastics, pleated paper, fiberglass, spun-bound polyester, foam and wire mesh or any combination. The base is generally of more solid construction as it is not replaced as frequently as the filter panels. Stainless steel, polypropylene, injection molded nylon and other corrosion resistant substances are used for this component of vacuum filters. These same housing materials are often used in the design of industrial liquid filters that utilize vacuum systems as well, though filter panel materials often differ significantly.