Electric air compressors are machines that use electrical power to pressurize air before releasing it in a high energy form. The mechanical energy from the motor is converted into pneumatic energy through the storage and compression of air.
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Electric air compressors are typically made of stainless steel, aluminum or cast iron. They have a motor, air tanks and various valves and tubes. Portable compressors can be made of plastic to keep them lightweight. Because they run on electricity, these air compressors come with a power cord as well as a gauge for reading the pressure, an air hose and the appropriate connections and fittings. Some compressors are on continuous duty, which means that they can run for long periods of time without stopping since they never reach extreme temperatures. Electrical air compressors are widely used across a range of industries and purposes. One of the most well-known applications for air compressors is with pneumatic tools such as nail guns, staplers and spray guns. Tools powered by compressed air are more lightweight than the corded or battery powered alternatives. Gas cylinders and air tanks are filled by compressors, as are tires and other inflatables. High-power air compressors are used for air purification and temperature control systems as well as for air hoses that clean, dry or otherwise assist in industrial processes. They can be purchased new or used, depending on the budget of the buyer.
Electric air compressors are able to create pressure due to the scientific properties of air. When air molecules are condensed and forced to share a small area, they move around faster and the pressure increases. An open valve relieves some pressure and the air attempts to expand to its original volume. In doing so, it quickly and consistently flows through the hose. Air can be compressed to as little as one-eighth its original volume. There are two main types of electric air compressors: positive displacement and dynamic compressors. Positive displacement compressors work by filling and emptying a chamber. The most common version is a reciprocating compressor that uses a piston in a cylinder to draw in and compress air. Dynamic compressors use a rotor to accelerate and decelerate air; a centrifugal compressor uses a spinning impeller to accomplish this same result. The quality and safety of air compressors are regulated by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). Some states only allow the purchase and rental of ASME-approved compressors. One critical safety feature that ASME machines have is a safety relief valve that uses a sensor to detect if the pressure in the tank is too great. Air compressors also often have a belt guard and a filtration system, especially if they use oil for lubrication. Electric air compressors can, however, be oilless, which is better for the environment and has a longer useable work-life.
